Fig. 1

Nomenclature of the dorsal hindwing of Junonia orithya. The posterior eyespot (located in the CuA1 compartment) is the target of this study, and the anterior eyespot is not. An eyespot is composed of a core disk, orange ring, and outer black ring. In addition to eyespots, parafocal elements (PFEs) and, less frequently, submarginal bands (SMBs) are other elements that are affected by the contact treatments. The M3 compartment does not have an eyespot