Fig. 4

Changes in eyespot size induced by various nonbiological contact materials. N (no change), E (enlargement), or R (reduction) is indicated at the bottom right in each panel. Red arrows indicate modified parafocal elements (PFEs). Right (experimental) and left (control) posterior eyespots are enlarged below a whole butterfly image. a, b Glass plate. c, d Plastic plate. e, f Plastic film. g-i Aluminum foil. j-l Alumina file